África se está dividiendo en dos y el continente albergará en el futuro una nueva cuenca oceánica

La separación de unas placas tectónicas provocará la ruptura del continente africano en dos partes, entre las cuales aparecerá dentro de entre 5 y 10 millones de años una nueva cuenca oceánica. En la superficie ya se puede observar la manifestación de este proceso geológico: una grieta de más de 56 kilómetros que apareció en 2005 en un desierto de la región etíope de Afar.

Diversos científicos están realizando investigaciones para estudiar mejor el fenómeno. «Es el único lugar en la Tierra donde puedes estudiar cómo un rift [o ruptura tectónica] continental se convierte en un rift oceánico», explicó Christopher Moore, estudiante de doctorado de la Universidad de Leeds (Reino Unido), cuyas palabras recoge este 17 de julio NBC News.

En la región se ubican dos placas tectónicas: la arábiga y la africana, mientras que esta última se está dividiendo entre la placa de Nubia y la placa somalí. La separación de las placas arábiga y africana en el pasado provocó la creación del mar Rojo y del golfo de Adén.

Todas las placas se mueven a velocidad diferente. Mientras la arábiga se mueve poco más de 2,5 centímetros por año, la velocidad de los segmentos de la placa africana varía entre 0,5 y 1,2 centímetros por año, detalló Ken Macdonald, geofísico marino y profesor emérito de la Universidad de California.

«El golfo de Adén y el mar Rojo se inundarán en la región de Afar y en el Rift de África Oriental y se convertirán en un nuevo océano y esa parte del África Oriental se convertirá en su propio continente pequeño separado«, pronosticó. Por su parte, Moore indicó que ya se puede observar el inicio de la formación de una corteza oceánica en la zona, «que es claramente diferente de la corteza continental en su composición y densidad».

Todavía no se puede decir con seguridad qué provoca este movimiento de placas y, como consecuencia, el rift, pero muchos expertos los asocian con la actividad volcánica en la región. Cynthia Ebinger, geóloga en la Universidad Tulane (Luisiana, EE.UU.) opina que la creciente presión del magma ascendente podría provocar estos acontecimientos.

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