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¿Cómo funciona el sistema electoral en Estados Unidos?

Colosal Noticias

En las elecciones presidenciales de 2016, la demócrata Hillary Clinton, obtuvo una mayor cantidad de votos a nivel nacional que Donald Trump. Sin embargo el presidente resultó siendo el republicano que ahora busca otros cuatro años en el poder.

¿Por qué pasa esto? El sistema electoral de Estados Unidos tiene en cuenta a todos los habitantes habilitados para votar pero el resultado final depende del voto de los electores, que hacen parte de un mecanismo llamado Colegio Electoral.

Los electores se deciden de acuerdo con la representación en el Congreso de cada uno de los estados. De esa forma el número de electores es igual al número de congresistas. En total son 538 electores y se necesitan 270 para ganar la presidencia.

Por lo general ya se sabe de antemano el partido que ganará o que gana tradicionalmente en cada uno de los estados, pero siempre existen algunos que son considerados péndulo o claves y en los que la votación podría cambiar el panorama en todo el país. Eso también significa que los candidatos se concentran más en hacer campaña en determinadas regiones que pueden cambiar el rumbo de su futuro.

Ese mecanismo permite que los medios de comunicación y las empresas encuestadoras puedan proyectar desde antes el ganador. También el que hizo que a pesar de que Clinton tenía más votos en 2016, la presidencia la haya ganado Trump porque obtuvo más electores y ganó a nivel del Colegio Electoral.

El sistema también permite que el mismo día se pueda conocer quién será el nuevo presidente, aunque esta vez, con el voto por correo que se ha masificado debido a la pandemia, los resultados podrían tardarse un poco más.

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